Kardashev Scale

Future Tech (Near-Term)

• Quantum Internet
• Brain-Machine Interfaces
• AI-Driven Science
• Room-Temperature Superconductors
• Genetic Longevity Enhancements
• Programmable Matter
• Universal Vaccines
• Regenerative Medicine
• Autonomous Construction
• Predictive Healthcare
• Digital Life

Future Tech (Far-Future)

• Synthetic Consciousness
• Exocortex
• Terraforming
• Interstellar Propulsion
• Space Elevators
• Dyson Swarms
• Mind Uploading
• Faster-Than-Light Communication
• Universal AI Assistants
• Time Travel
• Self-Sustaining Colonies

Fundamentals

• Fire (-2000K)

Transportation & Tools

• Gathering (-500K)
• Hunting (-400K)
• Fishing (-40K)
• Boat (-8000)
• The Wheel (-4000)
• Ancient Rockets (-1200)
• Compass (-1000)
• Bicycles (1817)
• Railroads (1825)
• Automobiles (1886)
• Airplanes (1903)
• Modern Rockets (1926)

Energy & Power

• Bronze Working (-3300)
• Iron Working (-1200)
• Windmills (500)
• Steam Engine (1698)
• Electricity (1800)
• Nuclear Power (1942)
• Solar Panels (1954)
• Carbon-Neutral Economies (TBD)

Communication & Media

• Language (-100K)
• Writing (-3400)
• Printing Press (1440)
• Telegraph (1837)
• Telephone (1876)
• Radio (1895)
• Television (1927)
• Internet (1983)
• Smartphones (2007)

Computing & Information Technology

• Reasoning (-70K)
• Mathematics (-3000)
• Zero (-500)
• Abacus (-2000)
• First Computers (1940)
• Transistor (1947)
• Integrated Circuit (1958)
• ASCII Text (1963)
• Mouse (1964)
• HTML (1993)
• Transformer (2017)
• LLM (2018)
• Phext (2022)

Energy & Nuclear

• Fission Reactor (1942)
• Fusion Reactor (TBD)

Scientific Disciplines

• Physics (-500K)
• Chemistry (-3000)
• Biology (-2000)
• Psychology (-400)
• Quantum Mechanics (1900)
• Relativity (1905)
• String Theory (1968)

Biological Evolution

• Food (-4B)
• Cellular Life (-4B)
• DNA (-4B)
• Touch (-3B)
• Smell (-1B)
• Taste (-1B)
• Eyesight (-600M)
• Hearing (-400M)
• Neocortex (-200M)

Abstract Concepts

• Time (-2M)